Saturday, June 19, 2010

Best of the Decade - The Fifties

At long last! If my intermittent post may indicate much more research than I could have anticipated went into this list, some of which was probably unnecessary, but well I always look forward to getting a chance to revisit some classics. This list was interesting because I knew what the #1 would be and had no clue whatsoever after that. Until last night I didn't even know which 10 films would make the list let alone where they'd place. I would say this is much better informed than my previous three lists. One unofficial new rule I've imposed is that I have to see every film on the list at least twice, which makes perfect sense. After all can you really consider something one of your favorite films with only one viewing? So revisiting a few of these served double duty. On the one hand it was "research" to see if it still had what it took to make the list, and the other was just the joy of revisiting a film I knew was already great. In the constant stream of new movies to watch and rent its often hard to find the time or an excuse to spend time with some old friends.

As for the decade itself you can imagine it had a few developments. For the first time in the Western world people were being introduced to Asian cinema. The appearance of Akira Kurosawa's Rashomon at the Venice Film Festival in 1951 was nothing short of revelatory. For the first time people outside of Asia got a chance to see what Japan was doing and therefore caused everyone to scramble to see just what they had been missing. Kurosawa's film opened the door and Kenji Mizoguchi promptly followed with his own Golden Lion winning films. Ozu continued what he started in Late Spring with a string of near perfect family dramas. Mikio Naruse also seemed to hit a stride producing some of his best remembered films including Mother, Flowing, and my personal favorite Floating Clouds. With Gate of Hell (Japan's first Technicolor film) and Godzilla their films proved to be box office friendly as well as just appeasing art house crowds. Second tier directors like Kon Ichikawa, Masaki Kobayashi, and Kaneto Shindo also proved there were great rewards beyond the "big four". By the end of the decade a new crop of Japanese filmmakers led by Shohei Immamura and Nagisa Oshima would lead one of the cinema's most fruitful "New Waves".

Did someone say "New Wave"? It's nearly impossible to mention the 50s without discussing what the French were up to and their grand daddy of all film movements. Although some debate exists as to when the group of films was consciously referred to as a movement many people point to the release of Jean-Luc Godard's Breathless which just celebrated its 50th Anniversary. Before Godard's film though Eric Rohmer (Signs of Leo), Claude Chabrol (Le Beau Serge), Louis Malle (Les Amants, Elevator to the Gallows), Alain Resnais (Hiroshima Mon Amour), and Francois Truffaut (The 400 Blows) among too many others to list ushered in a new generation of filmmaking in France. Led by the Cahiers du Cinema critics who began to practice what they preached, this group took hold of French cinema and captured the world's attention and will probably forever be considered the true turning point in modern cinema. Their innovations constitute the most significant leap forward for the cinema since the advent of sound.

To say that France simply got their act together at the end of the decade is significantly slighting the remarkable films that came out before. Although some were criticized by the critics as being too pedestrian there were any number of new wave precursors. Had Max Ophuls not passed away in mid-decade he may have had the best decade of anyone in the 50s. He began with La Ronde and followed it with a trio of films equally impressive and far superior to any of the Hollywood productions he made in the 40s. Robert Bresson developed and refined his own brand of cinema with Diary of a Country Priest, A Man Escaped, and finally Pickpocket, each film better than the last. Jacques Tati helped redefine comedy with his bumbling Mr. Hulot in M. Hulot's Holiday and Mon Oncle. Henri-Georges Clouzot was earning a reputation as the "French Hitchcock" with Les Diaboliques and Wages of Fear.

In Eastern Europe their began a period of De-Stalinization where numerous new state sponsored film schools sprang up. Although Czechoslovakia wouldn't draw much international attention until the mid-60s their counterparts in Hungary and particularly Poland were were helping to define Eastern European cinema. Even the Soviet Union was getting back to making adventurous and artistic cinema with films like The Cranes are Flying which takes deep focus photography to absurd new heights. However internationally it was the two Andrzej's in Poland that drew the most attention, Munk and Wajda were the leading filmmakers in what was rapidly becoming a very artistically viable Poland.

Although India had been making films for decades and was producing more films than any country in the world these very rarely if ever found their way to the Western world. That all changed with Satyajit's Ray's Pather Panchali. Recalling the Neo-Realists from a decade ago Ray made a remarkably powerful film in the country and seemed to ignore every convention of Indian filmmaking, even putting the film in Bengali as opposed to the Bollywood standard of Hindi. Ray helped open the door to some other Indian filmmakers looking to break from the chains of Bollywood filmmaking. Although these films are virtually impossible to find outside of Ray there has been a slow resurgence of the films of Ritwik Ghatak who only made 8 feature films before dying in 1976. Although many point to his Pathetic Fallacy in 1958 as a landmark Indian film, he really wouldn't hit his stride until the 60s. However the door was open by Ray whose Apu Trilogy (Pather Panchali, Aparajito, and The World of Apu) remain India's most celebrated films outside of India of course. Bollywood isn't to be completely dismissed in this period which arguably saw some of its very best films with Paper Flowers, Awara, and Mother India among many others.

Although 1952 effectively saw the end of Neo-Realism in Italy with Umberto D, Italy didn't exactly drop off the map cinematically. In fact the 50s may have been even more important for Italy in the long run. Both Federico Fellini and Michelangelo Antonioni made their first films and would help to move Italian cinema away from the old post war style into an exciting new wave of films about the upper class, existentialism, human relationships, and even a wonderful string of black comedies. Roberto Rossellini, arguably the most important figure in the earlier movement did more to usher in the new guard with his 1953 film Voyage in Italy, a film which seems unforgivably ignored in the US to this day (still never released on DVD here). It's tale of a disaffected married couple losing their love and civil manners to each other amongst ancient ruins and statues still can touch some raw nerves today. Rossellini did more than just make films with Ingrid Bergman though, he actually cast Vittorio De Seca to appear in General della Rovere which is only now beginning to be recognized as the classic it is. He also offered his own entry in the 50s series of films of faith with Flowers of St. Francis (luckily these last two films are available in very good condition on DVD). Luchino Visconti began his change from his earlier Neo-Realist works to his more operatic style that would focus on the fading aristocracy (the world Visconti was born into) and would be his lasting legacy beginning with Senso in 1954. Fellini however would probably make the greatest splash internationally (and this would amplify tenfold in the 60s) winning back to back Foreign Language Film Oscars with La Strada and Nights of Cabiria. With films like this, who needs Neo-Realism?

I have left our good old domestic friends out of the equation. Hollywood went through their own minor crisis (if it were major Hollywood wouldn't have survived). TV started driving down cinema attendance so enterprising producers started thinking of any gimmick to get people back to theaters. Cinemerama, 3-D, Technicolor, Cinemascope, and my personal favorite Smell-o-vision which I still wonder if that was real or a wonderful legend that sprang up. Studios took one of two approaches, either create a big massive "must see" film that couldn't be seen on that small fuzzy TV, or make a super cheap film market it to teenagers on dates and turn a small profit. The "Grindhouse" film got its first start in drive-ins that sprang up all over America. Vincent Price went from contract character actor at Fox to a household name and the King of Horror. Price was also well on board with TV, appearing on a number of game shows including an estimated 1000 episodes of The Hollywood Squares. Horror films were given a nice revival thanks in part to England's Hammer Studios which quickly found great success revamping horror stories for a new generation in bloody Technicolor. Universal added their last great monster to their impressive collection with The Creature From the Black Lagoon (one of which was released in 3-D no less). A good time for creature features. The modern science fiction film also sprang up with pictures like The Day the Earth Stood Still, War of the Worlds, and my personal favorite Invasion of the Body Snatchers.

There were no shortage of "prestige pictures" made that decade as well. Henry Koster's The Robe was the first film in Cinemascope and well its basically an excuse to throw as much as you can fit in a wide screen image. Hollywood wouldn't give up on the Roman epic however and would achieve a sort of industry perfection (and temporary salvation) with Ben-Hur. Today's Hollywood owes a great deal of debt to that of the 50s. Considering today the 3-D wave is back upon us, so are huge ridiculous over the top productions (Avatar, Clash of the Titans) mixed with cheap remakes and horror sequels (Saw whatever, Nightmare on Elm Street again). History is certainly repeating itself, so lets hope that someone in this generation can measure up to Billy Wilder and Alfred Hitchcock who probably had the best decades of anyone in America (coincidentally neither of them are natives). Hitchcock (ever the self promoter) became the most recognizable director in the world thanks in part to his own TV show Alfred Hitchcock Presents. It was his films however that really cemented his status. Although his decade may have seemed uneven at times (Stage Fright, I Confess, The Trouble With Harry) it was a quartet of masterpieces that will forever endear him to audiences the world over (Strangers on a Train, Rear Window, Vertigo, and North by Northwest). In the process he became something of a poster child for Cahiers' Auteur Theory (along with 50s cult figures Sam Fuller, Nicholas Ray, and Douglas Sirk). Billy Wilder's 50s output was much more solid throughout (Love in the Afternoon and Spirit of St. Louis notwithstanding). Sunset Boulevard, Ace in the Hole, Stalag 17, Sabrina, The Seven Year Itch, Witness for the Prosecution, and Some Like it Hot make a strong case for any filmmaker and might just indicate that Wilder was not to be trifled with. Internationally perhaps only Kurosawa (Rashomon, The Idiot, Ikiru, Seven Samurai, Throne of Blood, The Hidden Fortress) could really measure up. However this is all a matter of opinion, but I would seriously question anyone's taste in cinema if they didn't at least give Wilder some credit for his incredibly impressive streak of 50s films.

I can go on, in fact many, many books have been written about this very subject, but I'm sure I've bored you all enough, its time to get to the list, or at least the warning to the list. This list will please approximately one person, and that's me. I said from the start these are my choices so I'm in no way trying to offer some universally acclaimed bunch of films. That said I definitely have limited my idiosyncratic choices. Only two films on the list failed to receive a 5 star rating on AMG (allmovie.com) and those two films received a 4 1/2 star rating so it isn't like there will be an entry that will make you vomit with disgust. If you've read the last three lists you know that I don't always select the most critically acclaimed film of a decade (Battleship Potemkin, Rules of the Game) and this is only amplified here. Three films from the 50s made the last Sight and Sound top 10 in 2002 (the most from any decade). Of those three only one of them made my list, and if you know me you'll probably guess which one it is, provided of course you're familiar with the Sight and Sound poll. Keep in mind again that there is only room for 10 films. I could have easily made a top ten of all French films or all Japanese films but well I spread the wealth. Many indispensable masterpieces that no list should be without will not be on this list so I'm prepared to handle all criticisms, but as always I will make a case for every film on the list and keep in mind every film has been seen at least twice, sometimes many many many more times and I've revisited nearly every film on this list very recently so nothing is on here based on a foggy memory or reputation. I spent far too long (over a month) researching this list and although I could have gone on I decided I can only fit ten films and I've done more than enough. I've decided for this list to offer a "special jury prize" for one particular film. This isn't a cheating method to put more than ten films on the list because aesthetically the film I selected is downright laughably awful, and since it is nearly impossible to find I couldn't watch it a second time (oh how I'd love to), but it's unavailability is exactly why I need to draw attention to it here. I surprised myself a bit at the numbering, so here goes I think it'll be interesting, and very balanced.

10. Ordet (1955) Denmark Carl Theodor Dreyer


Following a rather prolific first decade in film Dreyer abruptly changed pace with 1931's Vampyr, arguably the strangest and most surreal vampire movie you'll ever see. He seemed to average about one film/masterpiece a decade. To me 1955s Ordet may be his greatest film ever. I'm not a religious man, and some would say neither was Dreyer, but this is easily the greatest film of faith ever made. It is also perhaps the most brilliantly directed film since Citizen Kane. Dreyer had completely reinvented his style from the silent era and perfected his mise-en-scene with this picture. Style and substance met for a perfect blend of everything great about the cinema. Rather than cut, Dreyer always seems to prefer to move his camera, whether its the family trying to find Johannes (Preben Leerdorff-Rye) in a field, or a never ending conversation in the living room. Everything is in focus and the pacing seems to pull you into a comfortable almost sleepwalking lull. The film and the slow controlled dialogue makes it feel like it may all be a dream. It is a film that can question your faith and reaffirm your faith in the cinema. So simple, so enchanting, so moving, this is transcendental filmmaking 101 so quiet and haunting. It is certainly not for all tastes, but for those adventurous this is what makes Dreyer so incredibly brilliant.

9. Seven Samurai (1954) Japan Akira Kurosawa

I'm sure some may have wondered if I didn't just hate Japanese film when you consider this is the first Japanese film to make any of these lists. This was the first Japanese film I had seen and it was hardly what I expected. This felt more like a Western than a samurai film and its length was epic on a scale I couldn't have imagined. What's so profound is that although at 204 minutes nothing seems unnecessary. I wonder if any scene in this film is truly dispensable. Kurosawa was never a filmmaker to make an epic for epic's sake, and the production of this film was infamous. It went ludicrously over budget and over schedule and was largely a failure upon its release, making its way to America in a severely truncated version that remained the only one circulating for nearly 4 decades. The full cut was something of a "what if" on the scale of The Magnificent Ambersons or Greed, which made its eventual restoration so monumental. Kurosawa beat American's at their own game, and although The Magnificent Seven might be a decent film it doesn't even come close to matching this films intensity and bravado. Some people might prefer the much more reserved Tokyo Story, but for me and a lot of other people this could very well be the greatest Japanese film ever made. The high water mark for a national cinema that first garnered international attention in the 50s.

8. Ben-Hur (1959) US William Wyler


Not content with merely two best director Oscars and two best picture winners, William Wyler topped himself with MGM's monumental remake of Ben-Hur. This film is bigger in every regard from the 1925 Fred Niblo directed version. There is nothing necessarily wrong with that earlier incarnation but everything is outdone here. Perhaps it took 6 years or so for filmmakers to figure out exactly what to do with the expansive widescreen canvas. Art direction in any film has never been better, because after all nothing brings out the big guns quite like an epic period production. Wyler's complete command of the most intimate conversations, prisons, and monumental action sequences show a consummate professional employed to a task fitting his immense skills. It seemed Hollywood was trying for years to make a film like this, and they would fail miserably trying to duplicate its success in the years to come, but for once everything seemed to click winning 11 Oscars for its trouble. If Triumph of the Will was a demonstration of the Nazis power in 1934, this film could be seen as a full scale document of what Hollywood could do if they got their act together. I don't mean to imply anything comparing the two, but above all the splendor and over the top set pieces is a truly moving and compelling story of a man who goes from riches to rags to riches again and seems to single-handedly defeat the Roman empire (or one small part of it) on his way to salvation and redemption. The 1925 version was subtitled "A Tale of the Christ" but here Christ is more an inconsequential character who happens to show up at a few choice moments to color the film. A much wiser choice than to make yet another film about Christ's life which would fail too many times to count. Charlton Heston at his finest and the ultimate achievement of a failing studio system out to save itself at all costs, it worked.

7. The Seventh Seal (1957) Sweden Ingmar Bergman

Just as Denmark and Japan had their first entries on one of these lists this is Sweden's first entry. Of all the filmmakers to make an international splash in the 50s none to me was more important or better than Ingmar Bergman. His importance to Swedish cinema is monumental, but his influence to nearly every serious minded personal filmmaker to come after him cannot be calculated. Although most of his earlier films from the decade merely hinted at his talent, with good scenes or themes but lacking an overall cohesive unity, The Seventh Seal was the film that finally broke it all open. A then profound question of faith and the search for god in a plague infested world that has no sign of the almighty. Antonius Block's (Max Von Sydow) quest to return home and ward off death just long enough to find some answers to life's ultimate questions is the stuff of philosophical dreams still today. He comes to a conclusion that Bergman seems to have shared, that there couldn't be a god. His confrontation with a crazy woman who is going to be burned for having had carnal knowledge with the devil winds up realizing all too late that it wasn't the devil at all. Fabulous set pieces and a world of death and decay, that isn't without an occasional bit of humor (one rather humorous scene involving death cutting down a tree to retrieve the actor who just faked his own death). Although Wild Strawberries would be nearly as good and even more influential (to Woody Allen anyways), it is this film that forever cemented Ingmar Bergman and the one I think will stick with you the longest.

6. On the Waterfront (1954) US Elia Kazan

It seems impossible to read or discuss this film without someone mentioning its politics and the fact that many saw it as Kazan's excuse for naming names to the House Un-American Activities Committee earlier in the decade. I knew nothing of this when I first saw it, and upon subsequent viewings this bit of information has done nothing to color my attitude towards the film. Even more than Streetcar Named Desire this is Brando at his most iconic and a virtual textbook for "the method". The story is just outright compelling no matter how you take it. Although it seems every year in some Oscar montage we're reminded that Terry (Brando) "Coulda been a contender", the film is far above a simple tagline. It's supporting cast which included Eva Marie Saint, Karl Malden, Lee J. Cobb, and Rod Steiger is all pitch perfect. However aside from Kazan and screenwriter Budd Schulberg's politics this is really Brando's show. He's bumbles his lines and fidgets with anything he can get his hands on, preferring to spend time with his birds on the roof when he starts to change it is extraordinary. His intensity boils over and he's provided theater students with great monologues for decades to come. Although informers have never really been portrayed in a good light, it's Terry's transformation that leaves us all convinced that he clearly did the right thing and that things could be better. Kazan was on a role in the 50s but this might be his best film throughout his career.

5. The Searchers (1956) US John Ford

It may seem odd that this is the first Ford film to appear on a best of the decade list for me. That's not a knock on Ford whose long been one of my favorites, but well he's never made a better film than The Searchers. The highwater mark in his legendary string of films with John Wayne, and undoubtedly the greatest Western film ever made in Hollywood. Shot in the iconic Monument Valley and featuring the type of social and psychological complexity that characterized the Anthony Mann-Jimmy Stewart Westerns of the period, Ford does them one better. Featuring Wayne in one of his least sympathetic roles (he's a stubborn ex-confederate racist who seems more determined to kill Comanches than rescue his niece) it may also be Wayne's best performance. Much longer than their typical collaboration it's epic quality allows much greater time for nuance and psychological depth. The film isn't without many of Ford's trademarks including a bar fight or two, some family meals, manly bonding, and the humanist quality to do the "right thing". Featuring a young Natalie Wood as Ethan's kidnapped niece it is her presence that eventually helps redeem Wayne's Ethan Edwards. With tremendous Technicolor photography by Winton C. Hoch and another legendary Max Steiner score this film surprisingly didn't resonate with audiences in 1956. Ford who had already won 4 best directing Oscars couldn't muster a single nomination for this picture and it wasn't until Ford was done directing that his work was re-evaluated and people could see just how remarkable The Searchers was, one of the direct precursors to the revisionist westerns of Sam Peckinpah and Sergio Leone.

4. Ace in the Hole (1951) US Billy Wilder

Well I'd already mentioned somewhere that Billy Wilder was on a role in the 50s. You could just as easily pick a masterpiece out of a hat for him (much like Keaton in the 20s), however Ace in the Hole might just be his very best film. It may be too late to stop repeating myself but essentially any film on this list could very well be the best of its respective filmmaker. I came very close to selecting Some Like It Hot but that film has a flaw that isn't terribly fair to the film itself. Nearly every list will put Some Like it Hot as the funniest film of all time, a claim that frankly isn't true. Funny yes, great yes, but the funniest ever? Nowhere close, not to say that Ace in the Hole is a funnier film. It's humor is sly and dark, but this is possibly Wilder's least funny film in the 50s. His remarkable follow up to Sunset Boulevard it was a disaster when released and kept out of print for years. Even when countless Wilder films were being released on DVD this was surprisingly left out, thank goodness yet again for the Criterion collection. I was able to see the film on the big screen with a relatively older crowd (go figure) and everyone was laughing it up. Interesting what an audience can do for a black comedy. Kirk Douglas is at his best (he had seemingly countless memorable performances in the 50s, but this might be his most daring work). The cynical carnival that pops up and everyone's eating up this rather incidental but tragic story is nothing new. Anyone remember the balloon boy from last year? Not very different here, but here stylized with great deep focus photography a relatively unknown but competent supporting cast this is Hollywood at its cynical best. The fact that the film stayed out of circulation for so long may indicate that people may still not be able to take this, but they would be severely missing out.

3. Ashes and Diamonds (1958) - Andrzej Wajda

The last in an unofficial trilogy that announced the arrival of Andrzej Wajda and Polish cinema to an international audience. The films apparent anti-communist stance (made possible by a period of De-Stalinization) was not approved by the Soviet Union. It was shown out of competition at Cannes (where Kanal won the top prize a year before) and quickly was elevated to the status of masterpiece. Despite any number of great films from Wajda and other Poles, this could still be the best film from that nation. Drawing a huge influence from American directors like William Wyler and more specifically Orson Welles, Wajda made a stylized account of the end of WWII but not the end of the fight. A pair of resistance fighters begin the day killing two innocent workers they mistake for a communist minister. With the job undone they find themselves in the same hotel but questioning whether or not they need to continue this fight, especially after just ending the fight with the fascists. With remarkable deep space compositions and plenty of low angle shots the film can be seen as a Polish Citizen Kane, and its status as Poland's greatest film can substantiate that in another regard. Condensing the time span of the novel from two weeks to 24 hours Wajda's film is all the more suspenseful and poignant. Made legendary by the performance of Zbigniew Cybulski whose charm seems to work not just on the audience but men and women in the story alike. There is no shortage of reasons to love this film, its style, compositions, story, politics, ambiguity this may not be the punch to the gut Kanal was but over time this has shined the brightest.

2. Los Olvidados (1950) Mexico Luis Buñuel

I'm probably as surprised as you are that this film made it all the way to #2. Similar to when I revisited Ashes and Diamonds I spent the majority of this film nodding my head thinking "oh my god this is great". A delicious antidote to the syrupy and sympathetic children/victims of De Seca's Neo-Realist films, this is Buñuel through and through. The first significant Mexican film to gain international acclaim which served as the catalyst for Buñuel's most fruitful and creative period. This was not his first Mexican film, but after a near two decade period of seclusion the once promising surrealist was little more than a footnote in film history, right alongside Jean Epistein, Marcel L'Herbier, and others. This film announced his international return, a resurrection of some of those surrealist themes (two brilliant sequences) and would mark Buñuel as something of an ageless director who seemed to get better as he got older. In his Mexico City children are as awful as adults. Kids rob a blind man (who deserves it and salivates over a young girl and beats another child abandoned by his real father), they steal a cripples cart he uses to move around and kick it down a hill. Parents don't care about their kids or the kids don't even know their parents. Violent unsympathetic and offering no easy solutions to some very real and difficult problems, Buñuel doesn't seem too concerned with exploiting his tragic circumstances it remains a landmark of world cinema, that did as much to end Neo-Realism as the commercial failure of Umberto D.

1. Singin' in the Rain (1952) US Stanley Donen and Gene Kelly

This was a no doubter. Sorry right now that Tokyo Story, Vertigo, Rashomon, Some Like it Hot, and The Apu Trilogy didn't make the cut. I imagine if I live to 100 I'll still think Singin' in the Rain is the greatest musical ever made. The best film of the 50s is also one of its funniest, a perfect film that cries out for multiple viewings revealing new details and nuances each time around. The songs are terminally catchy and at any given time I can find myself humming one of them while walking around the house. It's structure even plays off some of the cliches of flashbacks of story in the introduction where Don Lockwood (Gene Kelly) tells his rags to riches story and his dignity first voice over contrasts sharply with the vaudeville and low brow reality of his rise to fame. Also a hilarious send up of Hollywood's occasionally disastrous transition to sound as well as lampooning a host of costumed melodrama pictures (seen one, seen 'em all). A trio of stars (Kelly, Donald O'Connor, and Debbie Reynolds) who are charming, hilarious and forever endearing. Jean Hagen's Lina Lamont is a surrogate for Clara Bow and any number of thick accented silent actors with horrible voices to transfer to sound. She is also so callous and manipulating and an interesting character who seems at the most odd times to rise above her "dumb blond" persona to one up her studio bosses. This is the textbook by which all musicals should be judged. Unfortunately Hollywood would have a habit of making their musicals more and more serious and in the meantime sabotaging all that was good about them in the first place. Like too many great films of the decade this was overlooked upon its release, failing to receive any of the accolades awarded Kelly's previous An American in Paris which set the standard for artistic musical comedy. Watching the two back to back though, clearly the wrong film won the Oscar. How much more can you say about the best of the decade?

Special Jury Prize - Corn's-A-Poppin' (1951-56) US Robert Woodburn

In the world of cult films and strange oddities released to DVD I pray every night before I go to bed that whoever the hell owns the rights to this film (or some enterprising bootlegger who can get a hold of a print) will grace this world with a copy of this supreme camp classic for public consumption. There is so little out there on this film. Few people even know when it was made, there is evidence that it was never shown commercially, perhaps never even leaving the confines of Kansas City where it was shot and produced. Its a historical curiosity for fans of Robert Altman who wrote the screenplay and never so much as acknowledged the film afterwards. I got a chance to see it thanks to some enterprising programmer at Doc Films where they were billing it as their greatest discovery, they were right. Like Edward D. Wood Jr.'s Glenn Or Glenda? this is so bad it surreal and brilliant. The story is preposterous about a local popcorn maker named Thaddeus Pinwhistle (how cool is that?) who has his own small variety show on local TV. There's a crooked PR man named Waldo Crommitt whose been hired by another company to sabotage his popcorn and his TV show. He hires a hideously ugly and untalented singer to butcher songs but luckily Little Cora Rice and her brother Johnny (with his Cowtown Wranglers) are able to find a woman who makes extra fluffy popcorn who soon falls in love with Mr. Pinwhistle and amongst some bizarre musical numbers the day is saved. Does this entice you to want to watch it? It should but keep in mind no words can really describe the brilliance of this film. I'm still prone to burst into "Running After Love" or "I Want a Balloon" with the only friend of mine who went to see the film with me. Oh cruel fate if you can release Fool's Gold and Failure to Launch on DVD, why not this? Through some strange reason the trailer is available online, so feel free to watch:

Thursday, June 10, 2010

An explanation for procrastination

Some of you may be eagerly awaiting my next top ten, the 1950s. Wondering where your personal favorites will pop up whether or not I'll agree with the general consensus on Vertigo, Tokyo Story, Singin' in the Rain, On the Waterfront, and countless others. Well you'll have to wait, hopefully not for long but well I unleashed a monster and I'm having fun dealing with it.

Before making my list for the 40s I decided to revisit a couple of films. Mostly films that weren't currently going to be on my list (Laura, Late Spring, The Red Shoes) with the intention of seeing whether or not they could elevate themselves. After all these three films in particular I have owned on DVD for several years and had been waiting for an excuse to revisit for quite awhile. Looking at my 20s and 30s list I wish I could have done the same. Little would I know that the newly restored Metropolis would be coming to Chicago this week (I may have delayed this whole top ten project). I wanted an "excuse" to revisit Battleship Potemkin, The General, and maybe even a Von Stroheim film or two. Luckily I may have found an excuse.

I Love a Lot of Lists

My friends are going through a list of 1001 Films You Must See Before You Die. I gave it a glance and realized oh no I've only seen about 913 of them (that number's gone up a bit since but whose counting?) My friends however are much further behind me and they might just take their entire lives to see them all. However whenever I stop by their house I can easily bring a film I want an excuse to rewatch and help them cross it off their list. I was disturbed to find that in a list of 1001 films Elia Kazan's East of Eden wasn't one of them. I figured all three James Dean films would be relatively required viewing (Giant the possible exception), but considering I find East of Eden the best of the three it seems an outright crime. It's omission isn't something to get too worked up about but the fact that Mel Gibson has three films as a director makes my head spin. I recently watched Apocalypto and well its a nice little practical joke. A generic chase/action film disguised as well meaning art by using unknown actors and putting it another forgotten language. I can understand the inclusion of Braveheart (it did win a billion Oscars) and even Passion of the Christ (since its notoriety would lend it to the "see it before you die" category), but who could have possibly recommended Apocalypto? Rest easy I rented it from the library so none of my hard earned money was spent on it (unless of course I return it late oh no!) Well it goes into the same debate that always comes up with these giant lists.

Sins of omission are never that great. However the bigger the list the bigger the sin of omission. By limiting my own best of the decade lists to top tens lets me off the hook for the most part. No one raised too many eyebrows when Rules of the Game didn't make my 30s list because after all I did have The Grand Illusion. Likewise The General Line seemed like a welcome alternative to Potemkin rather than outright blasphemy. Murnau was represented by what I hope most people would consider his best film with Sunrise, so no one really bitched about The Last Laugh or Nosferatu (although I'm sure a few people were a little let down it wasn't on there). When you make a top 100 list the crime gets a little bigger however. I might shake my head in disappointment to see Citizen Kane #15 on your all time list, but I'll realize that it's at least on the list. However if it isn't on your entire top 100, then I might question your taste. The more films I watch though the more I realize how small a number 100 is at least when discussing the all time films.

A top 1000 leaves little excuse not to include a "super classic". Jonathan Rosenbaum's list made me scratch my head a number of times but two particular omissions seem almost comical, Casablanca and The Godfather. That's right look at his top 1000, neither film is on it. I can understand someone leaving them out of a top ten, perhaps even a top 100, but I don't think I'll ever live long enough to believe there are 1000 films better than The Godfather or Casablanca. However I do admire certain oddball choices on his list (its mostly odd to be honest), but leaving out those two (amongst others who don't seem as substantial) seems downright self indulgent. However The Wizard of Oz wasn't in my top ten of the 30s, and probably wouldn't be in my top 100, but I'm sure if I was putting together a top 1000 (don't worry I'm not . . . yet) it would at least get a mention.

The 1001 list however earns a certain degree of leeway by being titled "Films to See Before You Die", which has a tendency to stress historical importance over quality. For that reason East of Eden should still be on it, but I'll get over it trust me. Clearly films like Salo, Pink Flamingos, or The Hills Have Eyes won't be ranking too high in critic polls they do fit into a category of "must see" movies simply for their audacity. Even the common folk who don't know that much about film constantly bring up Salo as the penultimate European Cult film and one of the most frequent films I get asked whether I've seen (I have seen it in case you're wondering). Somehow Cannibal Holocaust also gets mentioned a lot but well it seems the Italians had a minor monopoly on disgusting trash for awhile. Waters' film is a must see for any serious cult fan, and if you're disturbed by a 5 second scene at the end featuring dog feces eating keep in mind there is much worse for the 85 minutes or so before that happens. I saw it, enjoyed it, but I'm not too sure I'd rush to see it again but I love that special feeling to pat myself on the back and say "I've seen it", but that goes for any number of films.

As you may have surmised I'm a bit of a list junkie. My entire cinematic odyssey is owed to lists. It started with the AFI's 100 Years 100 Movies list made in 1998 and went off from there. Entertainment Weekly made their own top 100 about a year later which in part was a rebuttal to the problems of the populist AFI list but also served to be my first introduction to foreign language films. This is where I first heard of Seven Samurai, The Bicycle Thief, 8 1/2, and a whole lot of other films that may now seem second nature to a cinephile. After all every classic we hear about over and over again has an origin. There's always a first time we see it listed, and for me EW's list did a great deal to introduce me to some of world cinema's finest directors. I eventually crossed off all 100 films on each list (took about 6 months for the AFI list, about 6 years for the EW list) and along the way tackled many, many other minor and major lists. Very rarely do I come across a top 100 or top 1000 that I've seen every film from. There's always a couple surprises and a few films that I've been avoiding for awhile that pop up. Fine I always say, gets me a chance to cross off a few films I know damn well I probably should have watched 5-10 years ago.

One friend, who shall remain nameless and since he reads this blog he'll know exactly who I'm talking about has one question anytime a top 1000 list captures my eye: "Any Naruse or Pialat?" We all have different criteria for what makes a list credible. Perhaps my own definition is which "usual suspect" is excluded. My criteria isn't too great considering that when a particular classic that I find a little overrated is left off I usually applaud the list but if one of my favorites is left off I want to condemn (Rosenbaum's list an example of both). Naruse and Pialat are a good indicator. However I wonder if I made my own monumental list how well represented they'd be. I've seen about 7 films from Mikio Naruse and I'm not sure I have a clear cut favorite, perhaps Floating Clouds but in addition to needing to see more of his work I could also use a few repeat screenings of everything I've already seen. Maurice Pialat is a little more difficult, more of his work is coming out (including Naked Childhood on Criterion so check your calendar), but as of now I've only seen about 5 of his films. Loulou and A Nos Amours are both masterpieces in my opinion, but well those fall into the popular picks that anyone would make if in fact they'd have a Pialat film. So who knows how credible my own top 1000 would be, one of many reasons I'm not making that list anytime soon.

Research, Research, and More Research

Here I am rambling again, the point was research. I did virtually none for my first two top tens (the truth revealed at last!), instead relying on memory and a lifetime of movie watching. After a little for the 40s I did and am continuing to do a ton for the 50s. At first it was going to be a few masterpieces that would probably make my list but needed a fresh viewing (since in some cases I hadn't watched them in 9 or more years). So I watched Ingmar Bergman's Seventh Seal again, then Akira Kurosawa's Seven Samurai, Alfred Hitchcock's Rear Window, and then things started to get silly. I went to my basement to raid my collection, started making a mental note of what to look for when I went to the library, started browsing a list of favorites for nearly every film I felt wasn't fresh enough in my head, and well here we are. It's been long enough since my last list to provide a rather well informed top ten of the decade but there are some things I need to get to first. For starters I need to finish re-watching the Apu Trilogy (World of Apu is all that remains), I want to see the Criterion transfers of Andrzej Wajda's WWII trilogy (A Generation, Kanal, and Ashes and Diamonds), Billy Wilder's Witness For the Prosecution, Roberto Rossellini's Voyage in Italy, Kenji Mizoguchi's Life of Oharu, and well too many others to list.

So here I am back at the start. Research begets more research. Similar to how a list of movies to watch seems to grow as it shrinks, the more we watch the more we realize we need to see. Research in film is very true to this. Revisiting one Kurosawa film made me want to rewatch Rashomon and Ikiru. Seeing one Kazan film made me want to watch On the Waterfront again. The Seventh Seal made me feel like I needed another look at Wild Strawberries. Billy Wilder's Ace in the Hole made me think of Sunset Boulevard and Witness for the Prosecution. Jacques Tati's M. Hulot's Holiday made me think of Mon Oncle. Well there are countless other instances and that's why I essentially am no closer to finish this upcoming decade than I was a month ago.

Hell this whole by decade project was a way to procrastinate and by some research time before making my best of the 2000s list and I'm sure you're still waiting for my top ten of 2009. That list can and will be done probably soon I think I'm about caught up on 2009's best offerings. Despite having seen more films from the last decade than virtually any other I still think I need to do more work (the more you see the more you realize you need to see). My 50s list is making me wish I had made a concession to make a separate foreign language top ten. Hell in the case of the 50s I could probably make a top ten of just Japanese films and draw few complaints. Unfortunately one of my favorite films of the 50s is virtually impossible to rewatch, Robert Woodburn's Corn's-a-Poppin' and I would forever be grateful if you found a copy. So who knows how this thing will turn out.

I'd like to set a rule that I have to see every film from my top ten at least two times, hence I would avoid the over enthusiastic first response, and secondly it gives me an excuse to revisit my favorites. Looking ahead to the 60s the research for that will be even more exhaustive, but in a fun way. In other words keep checking in, I will be posting, and I will be updating my top tens but if you're wondering why the hell I'm taking so long I hope this blog entry will help explain it. Ironically I know as soon as I post my next list that I agonize over for so long someone's going to jump up and say "No ______ man this list sucks!"

Thank you and good night

Thursday, May 27, 2010

Best of the Decade - The Forties

We've all heard some things can be a blessing in disguise. My plans for the evening were pretty well set, but after someone canceled on me and later I got an email from Doc Films telling me that tonight's screening of Song of Sparrows was also canceled I figured let's make the most of a bad situation, and get cracking on the next decade. Nearly every decade seems monumental because a lot can happen in ten years. As far as the 20th Century is concerned the 40s are probably the defining decade, after all WWII was no small ordeal. I'm not going to get into world history because I'm horribly under qualified for that, however we can talk a bit about cinema.

The early part of the decade is very problematic for international cinema. Very few countries outright stopped making movies but the quality and quantity of those pictures dropped off in nearly every film producing country aside from the good old US. For this seemingly self explanatory reason the war years were a time of some rather fantastic Hollywood offerings and some rather forgettable or unseen foreign offerings. Simply ignoring the output of anything but domestic film from this period would be incredibly short sighted of me. Japan and Germany certainly weren't the only nations making flag waving propaganda during the war. Sure films like Jud Suss might seem appalling today, but there's nothing Nazi-esque about Veit Harlan's second best known film Opefergang, which was quite a prestige picture in glorious color. Fellow German Helmut Kautner made slightly less offensive films and at least in the case of Under the Bridges a quite respectable art film that recalls Vigo's L'Atalante at times. Still German film is problematic from this period because aside from foreigners even the Germans seem rather complacent to forget their generic offerings. So it's hard for anyone (at least in the US) to be any sort of expert on the subject, but perhaps we'll get a revival one of these years. It would be another two decades before a new wave of German films would begin to draw outside attention.

The other great Axis power, Japan didn't stop making films but again their output is problematic from this time. Most of their films were certainly patriotic and either blatantly (Kurosawa's The Most Beautiful) or paradoxically (Mizoguchi's 47 Ronin) all their films seemed to be about the undying Japanese will. I've never been a fan of the films from Japan I've seen from this period, although Kurosawa's Sanshiro Sugata is certainly a cut above. When US forces occupied Japan immediately after the war most of the wartime films were banned, and the industry was a bit erratic. Mizoguchi did make a few interesting films and Yasujiro Ozu returned to filmmaking and by decade's end produced one of his very finest with Late Spring.

It was the Italians though that made the largest splash of the decade with their Neo-Realism. This is a touchy subject for me in the simple regard that this movement is largely known more by reputation than the actual films. Sure everyone knows Open City, Shoeshine, The Bicycle Thief, etc but it seems a whole movement is being judged by the few films circulating. A recent retrospective of nearly every classic neo-realist film made it's way to New York but sadly I'm still waiting in Chicago for films like Outcry, To Live in Peace, The Tragic Hunt, Under the Sun of Rome, and In the Name of the Law to make their way here. Perhaps I'll cross my fingers and hope the good people at Eclipse will smile upon us, but I'll just have to rely on "reputation" to judge this movement. The available films though certainly can attest to a tremendous quality of Italian cinema in the immediate post war period. Even such war time films as Luchino Visconti's Ossessione and Vittorio De Sica's The Children are Watching Us show that the Italians could deliver. It was this wartime generation and the "big four" (Antonioni, Fellini, Rossellini, and Visctonti) that would help define Italian cinema for the next several decades.

If we've started to notice anything from the dawn of cinema, it's that France doesn't seem to go through too many extended period of mediocrity. During the occupation they managed to produce a few classics like Marcel Carne's Les Visiteurs du Soir, Bresson's Les Dames du Bois de Boulogne, and Hernri-Georges Clouzot's Le Corbeau. Their post war output though would be very exceptional, with Children of Paradise topping many critics list of the greatest of all French films. Like Italy the post war period would generate a whole new generation of French filmmakers who would move away from Carne's poetic realism and foreshadow the New Wave, directors like Bresson, Jacques Tati, Jacques Becker, Jean Pierre Melville, and others.

Britain seemed to recover quite well from the loss of Alfred Hitchcock who went to America and got off to a great start with the Selznick produced Rebecca. Britain would develop two new filmmakers who would help add prestige to their national cinema with Michael Powell (and his partner Emeric Pressburger) as well as editor-turned-director David Lean whose later conquering of Hollywood couldn't have been predicted by even his most ardent admirer back when he co-directed Major Barbara in 1941. British film also made Academy history when Laurence Olivier's Hamlet became the first foreign produced film to win a best picture Oscar.

So pardon my flag waving nationalism, but this is once again an American dominated list. However they had a near five year head start on every other country and well the US did produce what is in my opinion the greatest film ever made by anyone. In case you don't know what I'm talking about, read on and proceed to smack yourself in the head if you didn't guess it. Hollywood too was changing and in 1948 the Paramount decision was passed and Hollywood's legal monopoly was soon to be broken up, thus giving rise to the independents and spelling the destruction of the classic studio system. In case you were worried, Hollywood did seem to recover from it quite fine but the industry would be forever changed. Roughly half of this list was produced before that decision which says something for the extraordinary quality of those studio produced gems.

With each passing decade it seems to get harder and harder to limit my choices to just ten. I haven't resorted to cheating, there are still only ten films but keep in mind (yet again) that just because a film isn't on my list doesn't mean it doesn't deserve to be. Unlike the previous two lists I even did some last minute research (rewatched Laura, The Red Shoes, and Late Spring) before settling on my final list. At times I wish I could make a top 40 of the 40s, but well we said right from the start that this would be a top ten, and no sense deviating from that plan now. So feel free to complain (for the third time) but keep in mind that my future decade lists are bound to raise even more eyebrows. Without further ado:

10. White Heat (1949) US Raoul Walsh

It was not easy to leave off my favorite gangster films from the 30s list. Both William Wellman's Public Enemy and Howard Hawks' Scarface could have easily gone on, but sadly both missed the cut which may have made my 30s list a little comedy friendly, but well you can't blame me for preferring the Marx Brothers or Bringing Up Baby. Raoul Walsh who started his directing career in the 1910s seemed the perfect Hollywood tough guy filmmaker. He made "men's movies" and I'm not sure if White Heat is his manliest (What Price Glory and The Bowery certainly make strong cases for themselves), but for my money it is his finest hour as a director. Even though James Cagney hated it (and would subsequently avoid gangster roles in the future) I could easily rate this as his finest performance. It falls into that part noir quality of the post war films with that fascination with character psychology and Cagney is one of the most multi-faceted gangsters we've ever seen with a serious Oedipal conflict. As a gangster film it may not have the same bite as the pre-Code gems of Warner Bros. but it more than makes up for in depth and stands out to me as the finest in the genre. An absolute must for anyone who loves gangster movies or James Cagney, it doesn't get much better than this.

9. The Philadelphia Story (1940) US George Cukor

Screwball comedies might seem like a uniquely 30s phenomenon and truth be told there isn't much "screwy" about this film. However it is easily one of the funniest film Hollywood ever produced and features a trio of stars that would probably be on Hollywood's Mt. Rushmore (Jimmy Stewart, Cary Grant, and Katherine Hepburn). Forget that this resurrected the career of Hepburn and helped her continue to rule Hollywood for another four decades. Forget that it brought Stewart his one and only Oscar. You can even forget that it reunited Grant and Hepburn for their greatest film yet. This simply is a great movie. It is the third time Cukor would work with Hepburn and Grant, and this definitely was the charm, as evident with the very first sequence which is probably the best silent breakup in movie history. The loveable exes is nothing new in Hollywood, Grant himself wound up making a bit of a name for himself in the subgenre with Leo McCarey's The Awful Truth. However unlike that film this offers a rather remarkable other other with Stewart who is neither the front runner nor the suitor but still finds himself complicating matters. This trio is unlike any other in film and wouldn't be seen again until the film was remade with another trio of great stars who somehow just couldn't fill the monolithic shoes of their predecessors. It indeed is mighty "yargh".

8. Oliver Twist (1948) UK David Lean

Alfred who? David Lean was certainly on a roll in the 40s. After scoring a best picture nomination with In Which We Serve (co-directed with Noel Coward) he made Brief Encounter and Great Expectations (which also received Oscar nominations). Oliver Twist was his second Dickens' adaptation and for my money the best film he made from the 40s. I find it much better than Olivier's Hamlet but not without similarities. Like Olivier's film this is taken from a rather large source and trimmed generously. Like Hamlet, Oliver Twist has been filmed easily over a dozen times (including Carol Reed's appalling musical abortion of the story which inexplicably won a best picture Oscar in 1968) but perhaps both films had their best adaptation in '48. Shakespeare purists will probably forever deride Olivier's version, but I love it's expressionist touches. Speaking of expressionism, the opening storm sequence in Oliver Twist looks like the best moments of a German silent and recalls the use of deep focus compositions that made Citizen Kane so acclaimed. Lean was completely in his element and I'm sure Dickens' enthusiasts would complain about how much of the novel is missing from the film, but that's nothing new for adaptations of this period. What Lean has managed to do is make a purely cinematic story that doesn't ever feel like a novel adaptation, but a completely unique and original work of art, which certainly isn't easy for such a well known source.

7. The Bicycle Thief (1948) Italy Vittorio De Sica

Well it would seem daft if I completely ignored the contributions of Italy in the 40s. In the case of some of the "Neo-realist" films their very attributes can be their flaws. Bad sound recording, deteriorated film stock, etc but in the case of de Sica's masterpiece there is enough technical know how to bypass the gritty drawbacks. As a story it's depressing as all hell, but would you expect anything else? By the time De Sica made Umberto D in 1952 neo-realism seemed to be into self parody. It still seemed sincere and genuine here. There is no welfare or unemployment compensation. Simply an out of work father whose sold about everything he could who finally gets a job and in desperation has to search for his only means of living. It is the father-son dynamic that makes the film so compelling and universal. We might not know what it's like to look for work in post-war Italy, but we can sympathize with the feelings of helplessness when it comes to raising a family. Somehow it doesn't feel sad for the sake of wringing tears, but as a genuine record of a rather troublesome time and what people had to go through. There are no easy solutions and we only have to assume that life will in fact just have to go on, good or bad.

6. Children of Paradise (1945) France Marcel Carne

The fact that this epic was produced under the noses of occupying Nazis makes people sometimes overlook just how great a film it is. Described by some as the French Gone With the Wind it is the final triumph of the poetic realist school that first drew attention in the late 30s. Uncharacteristically epic for a mid-40s French film its sheer audacity would warrant mention in the annals of film history. Like Gone With the Wind it feels almost like two complete films and by the end of the first part you wonder just how that's going to be topped, but they certainly find a way. It's a film despite it's length needs to be seen as much as possible. For us English speakers the French dialogue flies so fast that it's very easy to miss something the first time around, but the more you see the better it gets. The grandeur of the story, the massive crowd shots, and the trio of people that make it all so compelling. The ultimate culmination of the Carne and Prevert team and one that would effectively signal the end of the classic style of French filmmaking. The industry was changing and it's hard to imagine anyone trying to make a film like this, and doing any better. Luckily it at least is available, and in glorious condition too which is making me think about perhaps revisiting it yet again, after all for a film that seems to get better with each viewing, why not go back to it, hard to think of a better way to spend three hours.

5. They Live By Night (1949) US Nicholas Ray

Of all the legendary cult directors to try their trade in Hollywood perhaps none were as talented and interesting as Nicholas Ray. Unfortunately it would be awhile before Ray would be able to live up to his promise (although the next year he would make In a Lonely Place). This film (which was later remade as Thieves Like Us by Robert Altman) is just your standard lovers on the run story to a point. The difference is that rather than the psychosis of the couple in Gun Crazy or Bonnie and Clyde, Bowie (Farley Granger) and Keechie (Cathy O'Donnell) seem like genuine innocents who seem more like victims than perpetrators. It is this quality that makes them instantly more compelling and sympathetic than those other two couples. In particular it is O'Donnell who absolutely breaks your heart here, something she was surprisingly quite good at in films. It's worth noting that amidst all this idyllic compassion and doomed lovers are some trademark Ray flourishes including some of the earliest helicopter shots used in film that give this frantic getaway movie such a unique flair. Ray would expand greatly on these touches in subsequent films, but even from the earliest he seemed to be pushing things. Unfortunately the box office failure of the film pushed Ray away from independent productions for awhile and he became a bit of a hired gun for RKO pictures where he made flawed but interesting pictures for the next several years. As for me, I'll actually take this over Johnny Guitar or Rebel Without a Cause and this is the first place someone should go when they want to know what the cinema of Nicholas Ray is all about.

4. The Best Years of Our Lives (1946) US William Wyler

Before Kane there was Wyler and Toland. Cinema's first great proponents of deep focus composition had nearly perfected the style by the beginning of the decade (look at The Letter or Little Foxes), but it was Welles who wound up getting most of the credit. The war temporarily broke up their happy marriage as Wyler went to serve following the release of the best picture winning Mrs. Miniver. This was their reunion and easily their finest collaboration. In addition to those great compositions that Wyler and Toland were known for the film featured three equally compelling stories about three very different veterans coming home. Frederic March won his second best actor Oscar for the film, one of seven the film took home as well as a special honorary Oscar for real life amputee Harold Russell. It's slightly ironic that March did win the Oscar considering both Dana Andrews and Russell give more impressive performances. The trio of women (Myrna Loy, Theresa Wright, and Cathy O'Donnell in her film debut) are equally impressive yet each failed to receive even a nomination. O'Donnell is the standout from this group who began her career under Wyler here and made her last screen appearance in Wyler's Ben-Hur 13 years later. Much of the films heart was lost on me when I first saw the film (I did like it) but catching it a few years later it really hit me just how incredible a picture it is and remains one of the smarter choices the Academy ever made for best picture. Ambitious and unflinching it unfortunately took some heat for what were considered "leftist" leanings in the 50s but all's well that ends well.

3. The Maltese Falcon (1941) US John Huston

There was something in the water with directorial debuts in the 40s. Screenwriter John Huston whose father was a well established leading man (who received a best actor nomination that year in The Devil and Daniel Webster) had served time as a screenwriter before becoming the third director to adapt Dashiell Hammett's best known pot boiler. In completely coincidental news the day I'm typing this is actually Hammett's birthday. Huston tried as best he could to stay faithful to the original material, which would probably explain why its vastly superior to the two previous adaptations. Humphrey Bogart who took over for George Raft firmly establishes himself as a preeminent movie star with his role as Sam Spade and it set up one of the better director-actor partnerships in film. The story is compulsively re-watchable and sets up many of the trademarks of future film noirs without so much low key lighting. If someone wants to ask me of a film that I could literally watch every day this would probably be it, not sure if I'll ever get tired of this. The cast is remarkable throughout with Mary Astor as a rare femme fatale (compared to the motherly roles she typically played at MGM), Peter Lorre as the eternally creepy and effeminate Joel Cairo, and Sydney Greenstreet with the ironic name of Gutman in his film debut. Huston also preferred some extended takes before they were en vogue and allows his actors to play out incredibly lengthy portions of the film without interruption. As good a detective film as there will probably ever be.

2. Casablanca (1942) US Michael Curtiz

Well if we can have a 1-2 punch with Cathy O'Donnell why not Humphrey Bogart? I can't imagine having to justify my ranking of this film to anyone. Absolutely required viewing by any cinephile and the film that holds some special place in my heart as the one that started it all. Perhaps another film would have triggered my near 12 year obsession with cinema but Casablanca was the one I watched that made me go out and check out every acclaimed classic I could find. The film that saved me from a lifetime of summer blockbusters and garbage horror remakes, one that opened the door to the finer things in life. I'm sure if my family would have known the monster that would be unleashed they would have done something, but well it is what it is. I can't even count how many times I've seen Casablanca since that summer in 1999 when I decided to see what all the fuss was about. Amazing to think how many people who still haven't seen the movie, I have no problem being the one to introduce it to them. Iconic in nearly every way without a shot or line of dialogue out of place. The ultimate Bogie, the finest work from workhorse director Michael Curtiz and perhaps the finest example of the classic Hollywood factory in action. You'd be hard pressed to find a better film anywhere . . .

1. Citizen Kane (1941) US Orson Welles

If you're surprised then slap yourself, hard! There's a reason why this has topped nearly every greatest film list made in the past 50 years, because simply put it IS the greatest film of all time. Seriously I challenge anyone to name me a better film. You may have one that you like more, but is it really "greater"? Orson Welles is the third director to have a debut feature in my top ten and it's sad to say that it would be all downhill for him (and to a lesser extent Huston and Ray), but well there's no shame in not being able to follow up the greatest cinematic achievement of all time. In fact not just Welles but no one has done any better than this. It would be like a new band trying to be better than The Beatles, just not going to happen. From its structure, cinematography, editing, score, wow there's no getting better. Anytime I even foolishly think that maybe All Quiet on the Western Front or The Godfather are better within 10 minutes I'm thoroughly reminded of just why Kane is simply the best there is. I'm lucky if I can hold out to the "News on the March" sequence before re-crowning this. Any serious cinephile who hasn't seen the film at least 5 times should get re-acquainted with this. Few people will instantly declare a film the greatest ever after one viewing, but the more you watch Kane the more you realize there's a reason why it's been so universally acclaimed almost to the point of overkill. In fact its tendency to be over analyzed may make you want to use the phrase overrated but again ten minutes into it should change your mind. So just so we're on the same page, none of my future top ten lists will feature a better film. Feel free to email me if you think there's a piece of cinema greater, go for it, just try.

Saturday, May 15, 2010

Best of the Decade - The Thirties

My apologies for a rather unproductive April. I'd make excuses, but well life happens. Over the last few weeks I've spent most of my film viewing catching up on some of the better reviewed foreign films to be released in the US over the past couple of years. I'm still trying to refine and already overstuffed top ten of the past decade that will come after I plow through the next few decades, but alas another entry is upon us and another step closer to being contemporary (at long last). So we turn our sites from the glorious jazz age to the decade sadly associated with the Great Depression, yet ironically one of the most joyous ages for Hollywood cinema (which will be reflected in numerous elections).

Cinema probably evolved more in the thirties than any other decade. You can make a case for the first decade of cinema but well that was a time when cinema was still figuring out exactly what cinema was. The thirties saw a great number of changes some good and some bad. My list of the twenties best was incredibly international. Numerous film movements sprung up and for a brief period of time it seemed like a unified Europe could compete with Hollywood. That dream would largely fall through in the 30's at the hands of talking pictures and the inevitable language barriers that would present. Many other film movements of that decade lacked the notoriety and distribution of the previous decades all important first waves. Of all foreign countries France appeared to be the least affected (although plenty of evidence suggests a shaky French film industry for the early part of the thirties). However in the grand scheme of historical perspective France appeared to actually produce better films this decade and numerous filmmakers who first made their mark in the silent era honed their skills the next decade. Jean Renoir clearly stands out as France's most preeminent director of the decade and he can easily make a case as the most important director from any country in the thirties.

Unfortunately most other European countries began to fall a bit this decade. Germany began the decade with a bang but by the time National Socialism took over the film industry lost nearly all of its best filmmakers. Sure the work of Leni Riefenstahl is still a marvel to behold (propaganda aside) her work also falls into the category of being documentary so as previously stated elsewhere doesn't qualify for this particular list. Very few films from the Soviet Union made in the thirties made their way to the US and we're left with a few random selections that seem rather stale and tame compared to their experimental counterparts from a decade earlier. Japan was probably the last major film producing country to adopt talking pictures (1936) and sadly they didn't seem as dedicated to film preservation as other countries and a great many Japanese films of the period are only known by reputation. Of the handful I've seen none have managed to impress me enough to make this list (although Osaka Elegy got a long look). The one thriving Scandinavian film movement was nearly non-existent by the time the thirties began and Sweden wouldn't draw much international attention until Mr. Bergman started making movies a decade later.

So welcome to Hollywood. A hotbed for immigrants throughout most our history, it saw a huge influx of European talent come ashore partially to escape Nazi Germany, but also because Hollywood really liked to spend a lot of money. Fritz Lang made his eventual splash and the decade ended with David O'Selznick signing Britain's best known filmmaker Alfred Hitchcock. Selznick had a marvel of a decade eventually forming his own production company and becoming the model for producer-auteur-moguls of all generations. He helped produce numerous now legendary films including King Kong, A Star is Born, and arguably the most successful film of all time Gone With the Wind.

For many people 1934 was a huge turning point for film and in particular Hollywood, because this is when the infamous production code finally was enforced. A curious bit of "naughty" Hollywood that took us from roughly 1929-1934 was now over. Many of these films disappeared for a few decades and have become the stuff of legend today. The gangster film arrived with a bang (Little Caesar, The Public Enemy, and Scarface) before eventually being watered down and cleaned up. Universal began a remarkable string of monster movies with Frankenstein and Dracula and beat each and every monster franchise into the ground until they were laughable parodies of themselves (Horror of Dracula, The Mummy's Ghost), but those disasters were for the next decade. Both genres were around in the silent era and even saw a few shining examples however there was only one new genre that was not possible before sound. I'll refrain from building more suspense and let the cat out of the bag, it was the musical. A genre that saw a tremendous amount of near deaths and resurrections from nearly unwatchable Revue films of 1929-1932 to sophisticated stage musicals like 42nd Street and a quartet of Busby Berkeley choreographed masterworks (Footlight Parade, Gold Diggers of 1933, and Dames). Numerous teams popped up (Astaire and Rorgers, MacDonald and Eddy) and through a few variations musicals became a serious motion picture force.

So enough of an overview let's get to the list:

10. 42nd Street (1933) - US Lloyd Bacon

Did someone just say something about musicals? It's hard to think that by 1933 musicals seemed like they might be on the way out. Now I'm not sure how much of this is fabricated by an over simplification of film history. Sure anyone whose ever had the "pleasure" of sitting through MGM's snorefest Hollywood Revue of 1929, and it's countess spawns was probably popping a bottle of champagne when the revue film rode off into the sunset. So going back to the musical's first subgenre (the backstage musical) Warner Bros. made 42nd Street, the first of four films choreographed by Busby Berkeley and starring Dick Powell and Ruby Keeler. Now I think everyone has their own favorite of the bunch but I'm not sure any of it's spawns would have happened if this hadn't been such a huge success. The plot is as predictable as a backstage musical can be. We see a play go from casting to opening night. Along the way we get a few production numbers that couldn't possibly ever be performed on a real Broadway stage, but therein lies the magic of movies and Berkeley. What separates this film to me is some excellent songs that stick in your head much longer than you'd like I'm sure and an incredibly witty script that redeems a tacky premise with so much great dialogue and jokes that it's plot seems like an ironic joke today.

9. Bringing Up Baby (1938) US Howard Hawks

I may have left out the screwball comedy in my introduction. The next step in the evolution of screen comedy following the end of the era of silent daredevils. Sure Harold Lloyd continued making some very good films (with all his death defying in tact) but they seem to suffer from all the faults associated with the technical difficulties early sound films had. The new comedy was either stage performers with in tact personas doing their thing (W. C. Fields, Mae West, The Marx Brothers) or of the screwball variety. Sure I'm oversimplifying film history yet again, but there really isn't enough space to discuss all the many faces of comedy in the thirties here. Howard Hawks was one of the first to get on this new style, and for some his Twentieth Century is the first true screwball comedy. However a few years later he would team up Katherine Hepburn and Cary Grant (who previously worked together in Sylvia Scarlett and the same year appeared in Holiday). This dynamic duo surprisingly seemed to be a nasty combination together at the time and Bringing Up Baby was a disaster upon release. This only adds to the cult appeal of it which decades later remains one of the decades funniest films with a plot so ludicrous and laughs so effortless it seems like a near perfect film. Despite her four Oscar wins, I'm not terribly convinced Hepburn was ever better than as Susan here. Hawks seemed born for screwball comedy and his fast paced dialogue heavy style makes this stand out as the prototypical screwball film.

8. The Bride of Frankenstein (1935) US James Whale

Not going to lie, I think I've seen this about 20 times more than any other film on this list. James Whale's best film is the high water mark in the monster movie universe and the perfect blend of atmospheric horror and the delightful camp typically associated with later and lesser monster movies. Whale seemed determined not to take this too seriously but without cheapening out on then shocking moments. The monster became a human and for the first time we had a sequel to a horror movie where the monster clearly appears to have been killed after the first film. Perhaps every horror movie sequel owes this film a debt of thanks, and for that reason maybe we shouldn't be praising it, but let's face it Hollywood would have found another monster to bring back before too long. For that reason Whale's film might be the only good horror movie sequel the genre's ever known (certainly the best at any rate). Whale even seemed to have his own stand in with Dr. Praetorius (Ernest Thesiger) who is delightfully over the top and supremely blasphemous. Sadly almost the entire monster movie franchise would start to suffer after Bride. Since it didn't make as much money as its predecessor Universal stopped putting good money into what they saw as cheap kiddie films. In it's place were a ton of follow ups most of which lacked any purpose for existing. It wasn't until 1943 when Universal staged a Technicolor remake of The Phantom of the Opera did they actually take their monster movies seriously (and after that the cycle got even worse). However this is truly a perfect gem of a movie and one that I could watch any day and probably find myself reciting countless lines of dialogue from.

7. M (1931) Germany Fritz Lang

Wow, that was all I could say after I first saw this film. Fritz Lang seemed to get more and more pretentious with every silent film he made. Routinely going over two or even three hours. Sets were extravagant subplots were incredibly complex and with every release he seemed hopelessly determined to top himself (a task which got even harder after Metropolis). So it would seem shocking that Lang could put together such a simple and effective film about a child murderer and the dual pursuit for his eventual capture. The film seems to fit right at home with his film noir crime films he made Hollywood, but certainly a shock coming after the epics he produced prior. The film is loaded with metaphors (police and criminals intercut side by side with similar methods) and was one of the first to effectively use sound as more than a means to hear people talking. Overlapping calls for a daughter with an empty stairwell and a lost balloon, as well as Lorre's whistling Peer Gynt. Funny to think Peter Lorre was best known as a comedic actor before this film. Like Lang he would come to America where despite getting steady work he would never really have a chance to shine quite like he did here, although many cultists frequently site his first American film Mad Love/Hands of Orlac (which was constantly referenced in Malcolm Lowry's Under the Volcano) as one of his best performances. Still any and every film about criminals or serial killers should take a long look at this film which still packs a punch and remains my favorite Fritz Lang film.

6. Duck Soup (1933) US Leo McCarey

Well if all this talking about a child murderer has put you in a sour mood this ought to help. The Marx Brothers ultimate film (even more than A Night at the Opera) is pure anarchy and one of the most compulsively watchable and hilarious films ever made. One of the reasons you may need to watch this over and over is because sometimes the jokes fly too fast to even catch. You wind up laughing too hard at one remark and miss the next. Like all the Marx Brothers' films you can technically call this a musical comedy, but the songs are little more than a chance for you to catch your breath before anarchy takes over again. Duck Soup is the only Marx film that doesn't feature an extended harp solo from Harpo or one of Chico's piano segments. For many that's why the film is their best (great musicians they were these moments typically did slow their films to a crawl). Here we just have a few songs about Freedonia and it's back to a silly war and Harpo's epic battle with a street vendor. The ill advised military conflict could be seen as a satire on Europe's growing militarization and seems to ring very true for those who never supported our involvement in the Middle East, but politics aside it's just as funny a film as you will find. The end of an era for the Marx's and Paramount, the studio that first brought them from Broadway. After the financial failure of the film Zeppo left and the three remaining brothers went to MGM were they were paired with a couple of lame young lovers and their films would continuously get more and more unwatchable, this however is them at their peak and the first recommendation I would give for anyone wanting to check out the Marx Brothers for the first time.

5. The Grand Illusion (1937) France Jean Renoir

I've never been really sure what the hell "Poetic Realism" really means. I can however tell you that France was on an absolute roll in the 30's. Jean Renoir made a few worthwhile films in the 20's (Charleston is brilliant), but it seems as soon as he got some sound he hit a stride. Unfortunately some of his earlier films exist in awful condition but with La Chienne (which was later remade by Fritz Lang as Scarlet Street) Renoir made his first certifiable masterpiece. He followed with Boudu Saved From Drowning which seemed to epitomize the idea that we are all human's none of us terribly good but none of us are all bad. Throughout the decade he seemed to be on cruise control making one classic after another. Grand Illusion however was a step above even his best work. About the same time Abel Gance remade his own J'Accuse for the sound era (which just barely missed this list) Lang made his own World War I film which says more about the human condition than nearly any other war film. It is such a typical Renoir film in its characters, its humor, an ever roaming camera, but it has such a universal appeal while somehow being grand yet simultaneously simple. Every time I see the film I marvel at another aspect of it (last time I finally realized how hilarious the film is at times). Renoir's film was so incredible that it became the first foreign language film to be nominated for a best picture Oscar (previous Academy rules prohibited nominating foreign product). Perhaps the fact that it would be several decades until the next nomination says even more about how unique this film was. Sure every Sight and Sound poll is going to point out Rules of the Game as his ultimate film, but I've seen that three or four times and although great it never really came close to beating this film in my mind. Lang's greatest and a film so fresh it seems to be something new every time I watch it.

4. Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939) US Frank Capra

If France belonged to Jean Renoir than Hollywood was Frank Capra's town in the 30's. From lowly director at a poverty row studio (Ladies of Leisure, Dirigible) to the toast of the town and three time Oscar winner for the same studio now a major player he truly seemed to live the American dream in the toughest decade in US history. Perhaps that's why his films showed such a resounding optimism. They were their own brand of cheese, which is both mockingly and affectionately referred to as "Capra-corn". I'll admit I was a little on the "man that's cheesy" side of things but with each film of his I saw I suddenly discovered a filmmaker that just seemed to get better and better. It Happened One Night may be the film that skyrocketed his career to the A-list, but despite being a near perfect screwball comedy (and nearly making this list) it doesn't really embody the Capra style in quite the same way his next Oscar winner (Mr. Deeds Goes to Town) does. Sadly Capra was rolling around in his grave when Gary Cooper's beloved yokel turned millionaire was being remade as an Adam Sandler film (I'm shuddering as I type this just thinking about the travesty that was). However that displayed that wide optimism and the belief (which Renoir often shared) that people would eventually do right if given the opportunity. You Can't Take It With You was even better and wound up beating Renoir's Grand Illusion for best picture. However Capra's best film might very well be Mr. Smith Goes to Washington. I watched it again fairly recently expecting it to be a corny piece of mush that wouldn't hold up well to a closer inspection. What I found was a film that seemed even better than the last time (and I loved it the last time). I saw myself rooting for Jefferson Smith (Jimmy Stewart) all over again and falling in love with Clarissa Sanders (Jean Arthur). It's a fairy tale worth believing in that our politicians might deep down still be good people, especially in Illinois but far fetched or not this is still a perfect film in nearly every regard for me.

3. Gone With the Wind (1939) US Victor Fleming

Well it's very tempting to name a film as perfect as Mr. Smith as the best of 1939, but this is 1939 we're talking about. A year that for many remains Hollywood's all time best. Not hard to make a case for it with The Wizard of Oz, Stagecoach, Of Mice and Men, Wuthering Heights, The Roaring Twenties, The Hunchback of Notre Dame and a whole lot of others. Selznick's monumental production has got to be the best though. I can make a fair case for this being the best film of the decade, hell I know a few people who would argue this is the best film of all time. I can honestly say no film clocking in at over 220 minutes ever moved so fast. It's incredibly epic yet it seems to just fly by before you know it. The cast seemed to have descended from Mt. Olympus to play roles that they were destined for. The mere search for Scarlet was enough to monopolize Hollywood gossip for nearly two years before the film was finally cast. Vivian Leigh made a legendary debut in Hollywood with what can easily be called the best role any actress will ever have. Clark Gable was one for the ages and Hattie McDaniel made Oscar history (as did the rest of the film with a record breaking ten Academy Awards). The film still never ceases to amaze first time viewers who finally get a glimpse of what perfection looks like. Not until James Cameron did any filmmaker obsess so much over an epic. Selznick's perfection paid off but it was his never ending drive to top this success that would eventually lead to his downfall. However this is Hollywood at it's peak and still one of the richest uses of three strip Technicolor.

2. City Lights (1931) US Charlie Chaplin

Well this film obviously sticks out on this list. In case you haven't been keeping score this is the only silent film on the list. Hollywood converted, but Chaplin thought talking pictures were a passing fad (why in God's name he thought this is a mystery that will probably never be answered) however he released this film without useless dialogue. He incorporated some sound affects into Modern Times but kept his characters from speaking. City Lights is without a doubt in my mind Chaplin's greatest film and based on it's placement on this list one for the ages. A remarkable romantic film that is both hilarious at times but incredibly moving. Chaplin could romanticize the lower classes but here you almost weep for his selflessness. Virginia Cherrill may have never appeared in another film for all I know (she did periodically before marrying Cary Grant in 1932), but she'll remain one of Chaplin's finest discoveries. Her blind girl is so sweet it makes you wonder if you wouldn't give your own eyes for her. Even the suicidal millionaire is compelling and much more tolerable when drunk, however it is the ease at which he merges these two story lines that make the film culminate in such a satisfying conclusion. It's amazing to think I actually didn't care much for the film the first time I saw it, on a second viewing I wondered what the hell was wrong with my own eyes, this is the best Chaplin would get. Although it might not be his funniest film (I probably laughed the hardest watching The Circus) it is the best example of his physical comedy, social satire, and heart wrenching pathos and a film for the ages.

1. All Quiet on the Western Front (1930) US Lewis Milestone

Sorry if this list seems a little too Hollywood happy (I did warn you), but anyone whose ever heard me talk about films for more than a minute has probably heard me mention All Quiet on the Western Front. I have often wondered whether or not this might be the greatest film of all time. This absolutely destroyed me the first time I saw it. I literally couldn't speak for an hour after the film ended, I was just in a daze. I couldn't believe how incredible the film was, I was even scared to watch it again. Not only was I a little afraid it wouldn't be as good, but I was also worried I wouldn't be able to take the incredibly grim story over again. World War I was no picnic by any stretch, but despite numerous attempts at making "anti-war" films this is possibly the only film I've ever seen that truly feels "anti-war". Most wind up saying killing is stupid but a whole lot of fun. This film isn't fun, a laugh here or there in training turns into heartache and deplorable conditions at every turn in war. The film is also benefited from the time of it's release. Being before the production code director Lewis Milestone could get away with a lot more violence than would be allowed just a few years later (try finding a severed limb in a film from 1936). In 1930 non-diegetic music was very uncommon. Go back a bit, Dracula, Frankenstein, The Virginian, The Front Page, none of these films have scores. Countless other films from the period have the same style, which is one reason why the ending of William Wellman's The Public Enemy is so effective. However no ending in the history of cinema is as poetic and poignant as the conclusion to All Quiet on the Western Front. From a technical standpoint Lewis Milestone helped liberate the camera and took it out doors. We got field shots, a camera that never ceased to track, pan zoom, and crane all over the place, so much for the reputation of early talkies and their static camera positions. It's still probably the best film to ever win a best picture Academy Award and well there is no excuse why anyone could have not seen this film by now. Simply put movies don't get better than this.