As for the decade itself you can imagine it had a few developments. For the first time in the Western world people were being introduced to Asian cinema. The appearance of Akira Kurosawa's Rashomon at the Venice Film Festival in 1951 was nothing short of revelatory. For the first time people outside of Asia got a chance to see what Japan was doing and therefore caused everyone to scramble to see just what they had been missing. Kurosawa's film opened the door and Kenji Mizoguchi promptly followed with his own Golden Lion winning films. Ozu continued what he started in Late Spring with a string of near perfect family dramas. Mikio Naruse also seemed to hit a stride producing some of his best remembered films including Mother, Flowing, and my personal favorite Floating Clouds. With Gate of Hell (Japan's first Technicolor film) and Godzilla their films proved to be box office friendly as well as just appeasing art house crowds. Second tier directors like Kon Ichikawa, Masaki Kobayashi, and Kaneto Shindo also proved there were great rewards beyond the "big four". By the end of the decade a new crop of Japanese filmmakers led by Shohei Immamura and Nagisa Oshima would lead one of the cinema's most fruitful "New Waves".
Did someone say "New Wave"? It's nearly impossible to mention the 50s without discussing what the French were up to and their grand daddy of all film movements. Although some debate exists as to when the group of films was consciously referred to as a movement many people point to the release of Jean-Luc Godard's Breathless which just celebrated its 50th Anniversary. Before Godard's film though Eric Rohmer (Signs of Leo), Claude Chabrol (Le Beau Serge), Louis Malle (Les Amants, Elevator to the Gallows), Alain Resnais (Hiroshima Mon Amour), and Francois Truffaut (The 400 Blows) among too many others to list ushered in a new generation of filmmaking in France. Led by the Cahiers du Cinema critics who began to practice what they preached, this group took hold of French cinema and captured the world's attention and will probably forever be considered the true turning point in modern cinema. Their innovations constitute the most significant leap forward for the cinema since the advent of sound.
To say that France simply got their act together at the end of the decade is significantly slighting the remarkable films that came out before. Although some were criticized by the critics as being too pedestrian there were any number of new wave precursors. Had Max Ophuls not passed away in mid-decade he may have had the best decade of anyone in the 50s. He began with La Ronde and followed it with a trio of films equally impressive and far superior to any of the Hollywood productions he made in the 40s. Robert Bresson developed and refined his own brand of cinema with Diary of a Country Priest, A Man Escaped, and finally Pickpocket, each film better than the last. Jacques Tati helped redefine comedy with his bumbling Mr. Hulot in M. Hulot's Holiday and Mon Oncle. Henri-Georges Clouzot was earning a reputation as the "French Hitchcock" with Les Diaboliques and Wages of Fear.
In Eastern Europe their began a period of De-Stalinization where numerous new state sponsored film schools sprang up. Although Czechoslovakia wouldn't draw much international attention until the mid-60s their counterparts in Hungary and particularly Poland were were helping to define Eastern European cinema. Even the Soviet Union was getting back to making adventurous and artistic cinema with films like The Cranes are Flying which takes deep focus photography to absurd new heights. However internationally it was the two Andrzej's in Poland that drew the most attention, Munk and Wajda were the leading filmmakers in what was rapidly becoming a very artistically viable Poland.
Although India had been making films for decades and was producing more films than any country in the world these very rarely if ever found their way to the Western world. That all changed with Satyajit's Ray's Pather Panchali. Recalling the Neo-Realists from a decade ago Ray made a remarkably powerful film in the country and seemed to ignore every convention of Indian filmmaking, even putting the film in Bengali as opposed to the Bollywood standard of Hindi. Ray helped open the door to some other Indian filmmakers looking to break from the chains of Bollywood filmmaking. Although these films are virtually impossible to find outside of Ray there has been a slow resurgence of the films of Ritwik Ghatak who only made 8 feature films before dying in 1976. Although many point to his Pathetic Fallacy in 1958 as a landmark Indian film, he really wouldn't hit his stride until the 60s. However the door was open by Ray whose Apu Trilogy (Pather Panchali, Aparajito, and The World of Apu) remain India's most celebrated films outside of India of course. Bollywood isn't to be completely dismissed in this period which arguably saw some of its very best films with Paper Flowers, Awara, and Mother India among many others.
Although 1952 effectively saw the end of Neo-Realism in Italy with Umberto D, Italy didn't exactly drop off the map cinematically. In fact the 50s may have been even more important for Italy in the long run. Both Federico Fellini and Michelangelo Antonioni made their first films and would help to move Italian cinema away from the old post war style into an exciting new wave of films about the upper class, existentialism, human relationships, and even a wonderful string of black comedies. Roberto Rossellini, arguably the most important figure in the earlier movement did more to usher in the new guard with his 1953 film Voyage in Italy, a film which seems unforgivably ignored in the US to this day (still never released on DVD here). It's tale of a disaffected married couple losing their love and civil manners to each other amongst ancient ruins and statues still can touch some raw nerves today. Rossellini did more than just make films with Ingrid Bergman though, he actually cast Vittorio De Seca to appear in General della Rovere which is only now beginning to be recognized as the classic it is. He also offered his own entry in the 50s series of films of faith with Flowers of St. Francis (luckily these last two films are available in very good condition on DVD). Luchino Visconti began his change from his earlier Neo-Realist works to his more operatic style that would focus on the fading aristocracy (the world Visconti was born into) and would be his lasting legacy beginning with Senso in 1954. Fellini however would probably make the greatest splash internationally (and this would amplify tenfold in the 60s) winning back to back Foreign Language Film Oscars with La Strada and Nights of Cabiria. With films like this, who needs Neo-Realism?
I have left our good old domestic friends out of the equation. Hollywood went through their own minor crisis (if it were major Hollywood wouldn't have survived). TV started driving down cinema attendance so enterprising producers started thinking of any gimmick to get people back to theaters. Cinemerama, 3-D, Technicolor, Cinemascope, and my personal favorite Smell-o-vision which I still wonder if that was real or a wonderful legend that sprang up. Studios took one of two approaches, either create a big massive "must see" film that couldn't be seen on that small fuzzy TV, or make a super cheap film market it to teenagers on dates and turn a small profit. The "Grindhouse" film got its first start in drive-ins that sprang up all over America. Vincent Price went from contract character actor at Fox to a household name and the King of Horror. Price was also well on board with TV, appearing on a number of game shows including an estimated 1000 episodes of The Hollywood Squares. Horror films were given a nice revival thanks in part to England's Hammer Studios which quickly found great success revamping horror stories for a new generation in bloody Technicolor. Universal added their last great monster to their impressive collection with The Creature From the Black Lagoon (one of which was released in 3-D no less). A good time for creature features. The modern science fiction film also sprang up with pictures like The Day the Earth Stood Still, War of the Worlds, and my personal favorite Invasion of the Body Snatchers.
There were no shortage of "prestige pictures" made that decade as well. Henry Koster's The Robe was the first film in Cinemascope and well its basically an excuse to throw as much as you can fit in a wide screen image. Hollywood wouldn't give up on the Roman epic however and would achieve a sort of industry perfection (and temporary salvation) with Ben-Hur. Today's Hollywood owes a great deal of debt to that of the 50s. Considering today the 3-D wave is back upon us, so are huge ridiculous over the top productions (Avatar, Clash of the Titans) mixed with cheap remakes and horror sequels (Saw whatever, Nightmare on Elm Street again). History is certainly repeating itself, so lets hope that someone in this generation can measure up to Billy Wilder and Alfred Hitchcock who probably had the best decades of anyone in America (coincidentally neither of them are natives). Hitchcock (ever the self promoter) became the most recognizable director in the world thanks in part to his own TV show Alfred Hitchcock Presents. It was his films however that really cemented his status. Although his decade may have seemed uneven at times (Stage Fright, I Confess, The Trouble With Harry) it was a quartet of masterpieces that will forever endear him to audiences the world over (Strangers on a Train, Rear Window, Vertigo, and North by Northwest). In the process he became something of a poster child for Cahiers' Auteur Theory (along with 50s cult figures Sam Fuller, Nicholas Ray, and Douglas Sirk). Billy Wilder's 50s output was much more solid throughout (Love in the Afternoon and Spirit of St. Louis notwithstanding). Sunset Boulevard, Ace in the Hole, Stalag 17, Sabrina, The Seven Year Itch, Witness for the Prosecution, and Some Like it Hot make a strong case for any filmmaker and might just indicate that Wilder was not to be trifled with. Internationally perhaps only Kurosawa (Rashomon, The Idiot, Ikiru, Seven Samurai, Throne of Blood, The Hidden Fortress) could really measure up. However this is all a matter of opinion, but I would seriously question anyone's taste in cinema if they didn't at least give Wilder some credit for his incredibly impressive streak of 50s films.
I can go on, in fact many, many books have been written about this very subject, but I'm sure I've bored you all enough, its time to get to the list, or at least the warning to the list. This list will please approximately one person, and that's me. I said from the start these are my choices so I'm in no way trying to offer some universally acclaimed bunch of films. That said I definitely have limited my idiosyncratic choices. Only two films on the list failed to receive a 5 star rating on AMG (allmovie.com) and those two films received a 4 1/2 star rating so it isn't like there will be an entry that will make you vomit with disgust. If you've read the last three lists you know that I don't always select the most critically acclaimed film of a decade (Battleship Potemkin, Rules of the Game) and this is only amplified here. Three films from the 50s made the last Sight and Sound top 10 in 2002 (the most from any decade). Of those three only one of them made my list, and if you know me you'll probably guess which one it is, provided of course you're familiar with the Sight and Sound poll. Keep in mind again that there is only room for 10 films. I could have easily made a top ten of all French films or all Japanese films but well I spread the wealth. Many indispensable masterpieces that no list should be without will not be on this list so I'm prepared to handle all criticisms, but as always I will make a case for every film on the list and keep in mind every film has been seen at least twice, sometimes many many many more times and I've revisited nearly every film on this list very recently so nothing is on here based on a foggy memory or reputation. I spent far too long (over a month) researching this list and although I could have gone on I decided I can only fit ten films and I've done more than enough. I've decided for this list to offer a "special jury prize" for one particular film. This isn't a cheating method to put more than ten films on the list because aesthetically the film I selected is downright laughably awful, and since it is nearly impossible to find I couldn't watch it a second time (oh how I'd love to), but it's unavailability is exactly why I need to draw attention to it here. I surprised myself a bit at the numbering, so here goes I think it'll be interesting, and very balanced.
10. Ordet (1955) Denmark Carl Theodor Dreyer
Following a rather prolific first decade in film Dreyer abruptly changed pace with 1931's Vampyr, arguably the strangest and most surreal vampire movie you'll ever see. He seemed to average about one film/masterpiece a decade. To me 1955s Ordet may be his greatest film ever. I'm not a religious man, and some would say neither was Dreyer, but this is easily the greatest film of faith ever made. It is also perhaps the most brilliantly directed film since Citizen Kane. Dreyer had completely reinvented his style from the silent era and perfected his mise-en-scene with this picture. Style and substance met for a perfect blend of everything great about the cinema.
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9. Seven Samurai (1954) Japan Akira Kurosawa
I'm sure some may have wondered if I didn't just hate Japanese film when you consider this is the first Japanese film to make any of these lists. This was the first Japanese film I had seen and it was hardly what I expected. This felt more like a Western than a samurai film and its length
8. Ben-Hur (1959) US William Wyler
Not content with merely two best director Oscars and two best picture winners, William Wyler topped himself with MGM's monumental remake of Ben-Hur. This film is bigger in every regard
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7. The Seventh Seal (1957) Sweden Ingmar Bergman
Just as Denmark and Japan had their first entries on one of these lists this is Sweden's first entry. Of all the filmmakers to make an international splash in the 50s none to me was more important or better than Ingmar Bergman. His importance to Swedish cinema is monumental, but his influence to nearly every serious minded personal filmmaker to come after him cannot be calculated. Although most of his earlier films from the decade merely hinted at his talent, with good scenes or themes but lacking an overall cohesive unity, The Seventh Seal was the film that finally broke it all open. A then profound question of faith and the search for god in a plague infested world that has no sign of the almighty. Antonius Block's (Max Von Sydow) quest to return home and ward off death just long enough to find some answers to life's ultimate
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6. On the Waterfront (1954) US Elia Kazan
It seems impossible to read or discuss this film without someone mentioning its politics and the fact that many saw it as Kazan's excuse for naming names to the House Un-American Activities Committee earlier in the decade. I knew nothing of this when I first saw it, and upon subsequent viewings this bit of information has done nothing to color my attitude towards the film. Even more than Streetcar Named Desire this is Brando at his most iconic and a virtual textbook for "the method". The story is just outright compelling no matter how you take it. Although it seems every year in some Oscar montage we're reminded that Terry (Brando) "Coulda been a contender", the film is far above a simple tagline. It's supporting cast which included Eva Marie
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5. The Searchers (1956) US John Ford
It may seem odd that this is the first Ford film to appear on a best of the decade list for me. That's not a knock on Ford whose long been one of my favorites, but well he's never made a better film than The Searchers. The highwater mark in his legendary string of films with John Wayne, and undoubtedly the greatest Western film ever made in Hollywood. Shot in the iconic Monument Valley and featuring the type of social and psychological complexity that
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4. Ace in the Hole (1951) US Billy Wilder
Well I'd already mentioned somewhere that Billy Wilder was on a role in the 50s. You could just as easily pick a masterpiece out of a hat for him (much like Keaton in the 20s), however Ace in the Hole might just be his very best film. It may be too late to stop repeating myself but essentially any film on this list could very well be the best of its respective filmmaker. I came very close to selecting Some Like It Hot but that film has a flaw that isn't terribly fair to the film itself. Nearly every list will put Some Like it Hot as the funniest film of all time, a claim that
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3. Ashes and Diamonds (1958) - Andrzej Wajda
The last in an unofficial trilogy that announced the arrival of Andrzej Wajda and Polish cinema to an international audience. The films apparent anti-communist stance (made possible by a period of De-Stalinization) was not approved by the Soviet Union. It was shown out of competition at Cannes (where Kanal won the top prize a year before) and quickly was elevated to the status of masterpiece. Despite any number of great films from Wajda and other Poles, this could still be
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2. Los Olvidados (1950) Mexico Luis Buñuel
I'm probably as surprised as you are that this film made it all the way to #2. Similar to when I
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1. Singin' in the Rain (1952) US Stanley Donen and Gene Kelly
This was a no doubter. Sorry right now that Tokyo Story, Vertigo, Rashomon, Some Like it Hot, and The Apu Trilogy didn't make the cut. I imagine if I live to 100 I'll still think Singin' in the Rain is the greatest musical ever made. The best film of the 50s is also one of its funniest, a perfect film that cries out for multiple viewings revealing new details and nuances each time around. The songs are terminally catchy and at any given time I can find myself humming one of them while walking around the house. It's structure even plays off some of the cliches of
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Special Jury Prize - Corn's-A-Poppin' (1951-56) US Robert Woodburn
In the world of cult films and strange oddities released to DVD I pray every night before I go to bed that whoever the hell owns the rights to this film (or some enterprising bootlegger who can get a hold of a print) will grace this world with a copy of this supreme camp classic for public consumption. There is so little out there on this film. Few people even know when it was made, there is evidence that it was never shown commercially, perhaps never even leaving the confines of Kansas City where it was shot and produced. Its a historical curiosity for fans of Robert Altman who wrote the screenplay and never so much as acknowledged the film afterwards. I got a chance to see it thanks to some enterprising programmer at Doc Films where they were billing it as their greatest discovery, they were right. Like Edward D. Wood Jr.'s Glenn Or Glenda? this is so bad it surreal and brilliant. The story is preposterous about a local popcorn maker named Thaddeus Pinwhistle (how cool is that?) who has his own small variety show on local TV. There's a crooked PR man named Waldo Crommitt whose been hired by another company to sabotage his popcorn and his TV show. He hires a hideously ugly and untalented singer to butcher songs but luckily Little Cora Rice and her brother Johnny (with his Cowtown Wranglers) are able to find a woman who makes extra fluffy popcorn who soon falls in love with Mr. Pinwhistle and amongst some bizarre musical numbers the day is saved. Does this entice you to want to watch it? It should but keep in mind no words can really describe the brilliance of this film. I'm still prone to burst into "Running After Love" or "I Want a Balloon" with the only friend of mine who went to see the film with me. Oh cruel fate if you can release Fool's Gold and Failure to Launch on DVD, why not this? Through some strange reason the trailer is available online, so feel free to watch:
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